Which process specifically aims to prevent defects before they occur?

The process that specifically aims to prevent defects before they occur is Corrective and Preventive Action (CAPA). CAPA is a systematic approach used primarily in quality management to identify potential quality issues or defects and implement strategies to eliminate their root causes. By focusing on preventive actions, CAPA ensures that risks are addressed proactively, thereby enhancing product quality and minimizing the likelihood of defects arising in the first place.

This preventive aspect is crucial in manufacturing and quality assurance, as it not only improves operational efficiency but also contributes to customer satisfaction by ensuring that products meet quality standards from the outset.

In contrast, the other choices focus on different aspects of quality management. Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ) looks at the costs incurred due to failures or defects after they occur. Just In Time (JIT) is a production strategy optimizing inventory levels and flow, but it does not specifically target defect prevention. Lastly, Pareto Analysis is a tool used to identify the most significant factors in a set of data, often aimed at prioritizing issues to address but not directly aimed at preventing defects proactively.