Which process ensures that a change is effective before completion?

The correct answer highlights the importance of a Closed-Loop Process in ensuring that changes are effective before finishing a task or project. This process is designed to continually measure outcomes and performance against pre-set standards or objectives. By doing so, it allows for ongoing adjustments and refinements, providing real-time feedback that enables teams to identify whether the changes are leading to the desired results.

In a Closed-Loop Process, each stage relies on data collection and analysis, which feeds back into the system to inform further decision-making and implementation strategies. This cyclical approach fosters a culture of continuous improvement since adjustments can be made promptly based on the data gathered.

Other options focus on different aspects of quality assurance or analysis. For instance, a Cause-and-Effect Diagram (also known as a fishbone diagram) is primarily used for identifying potential causes of problems but does not evaluate the effectiveness of changes made. Similarly, Effectiveness Checks might imply evaluating outcomes but do not encompass the continual feedback loop inherent in the Closed-Loop Process, which actively seeks to ensure modifications are effective throughout the change process. Finally, the Design of Experiments is a statistical approach for planning experiments, but it does not inherently focus on validating changes in a continuous feedback manner as emphasized by the Closed-