What type of diagram aids in visualizing process relationships?

The Cause-and-Effect Diagram, often referred to as a fishbone diagram or Ishikawa diagram, is a valuable tool for visualizing the relationships between various factors that may contribute to a specific outcome or issue in a process. This diagram maps out the cause and effect relationships in a structured manner, allowing practitioners to identify potential root causes of a problem by categorizing them into major areas such as people, processes, materials, equipment, and environment.

By organizing the factors in a clear visual format, stakeholders can readily see how various elements within a process interact and influence one another. This understanding is crucial for effective problem-solving and continuous improvement within manufacturing and other operational contexts.

In contrast, the other options serve different purposes. Effectiveness Checks are generally used to assess whether a process meets its intended performance standards. The Design of Experiments focuses on systematically investigating the effects of different variables on a given outcome, while the X Bar chart is specifically used for monitoring process stability over time, rather than visualizing relationships in a broad context.